Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products

Executive Order Number: 14360
President: Donald Trump
Signed: November 14, 2025
Published: November 25, 2025
Source: Federal Register
Original Document: https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2025-11-25/pdf/2025-21203.pdf

AI-Generated Summary

Summary of Executive Order 14360: Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products

Purpose

The executive order aims to address an ongoing national emergency declared in EO 14257 regarding large and persistent U.S. goods trade deficits, which are deemed a threat to national security and the economy. It modifies the scope of reciprocal tariffs imposed under prior orders by exempting specific agricultural products, based on factors such as domestic demand, production capacity, and negotiations with trading partners.

Key Actions or Directives

Updates Annex II to EO 14257 and the Annex to EO 14346 titled "Potential Tariff Adjustments for Aligned Partners" to exclude certain agricultural products from reciprocal tariffs.
Modifies the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States as detailed in Annex I, effective for goods entered or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption on or after 12:01 a.m. EST on November 13, 2025.
Requires refunds of duties collected where applicable, processed through U.S. Customs and Border Protection procedures.
Directs the Secretary of Commerce and the United States Trade Representative (USTR) to monitor circumstances related to the national emergency, consult with other officials, and inform the President of any need for further action.
Authorizes the Secretary of Commerce, Secretary of Homeland Security, and USTR to implement the order through rules, regulations, or guidance, consistent with applicable laws including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA).

Significant Changes to Policy or Law

Expands exemptions from ad valorem duties imposed under EO 14257 (as amended by EO 14346) to include additional agricultural products, thereby narrowing the overall application of reciprocal tariffs.
No new tariffs or emergencies are declared; this is a refinement of existing trade policy under the authority of IEEPA, the National Emergencies Act, section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, and 3 U.S.C. 301.
Introduces procedural updates for tariff refunds and ongoing monitoring, without altering the underlying legal framework for trade deficits as a national emergency.

Potential Impacts

Government Agencies: Increases responsibilities for the Department of Commerce, Department of Homeland Security (including Customs and Border Protection), and USTR in monitoring trade deficits, implementing exemptions, and processing refunds; may require new regulations or guidance.
Citizens: Could lower costs for imported agricultural products by removing tariffs, potentially benefiting consumers, farmers, and businesses reliant on these goods; may support domestic agriculture by addressing supply shortages.
International Relations: Signals flexibility in U.S. trade policy amid negotiations with trading partners; exemptions for "aligned partners" could strengthen bilateral ties and encourage reciprocal trade agreements, while maintaining pressure on countries contributing to trade deficits.

Main Stakeholders Affected

U.S. Importers and Exporters: Directly benefit from tariff exemptions on specified agricultural products, potentially reducing costs and improving market access.
Agricultural Producers and Consumers: Domestic farmers may face adjusted competition, while consumers could see lower prices for exempt imported goods.
Trading Partners: Countries exporting the exempted agricultural products to the U.S. gain easier market entry; "aligned partners" may receive favorable tariff adjustments.
Government Officials: Secretaries of Commerce and Homeland Security, USTR, and related agencies involved in implementation and monitoring.
Businesses in Supply Chains: Entities in food processing, retail, and logistics affected by changes in import costs and availability.

Notable Legal, Constitutional, or Political Implications

Legal: Relies on presidential authority under IEEPA and trade statutes to adjust tariffs without congressional approval, potentially inviting challenges if seen as overreaching executive power in trade policy; includes severability clause to maintain order's validity if parts are invalidated.
Constitutional: Aligns with executive powers in foreign affairs and commerce but could raise separation-of-powers questions regarding Congress's role in regulating commerce and tariffs.
Political: Reflects a policy of targeted trade protectionism to address deficits, which may appeal to domestic industries while risking tensions with trade partners; emphasizes negotiation and monitoring, potentially influencing future trade deals or elections focused on economic nationalism.

This summary was generated by AI and may contain inaccuracies. Refer to the official source document for the authoritative text.