Domestic SUPPLY Act of 2025

Bill Number

H.R. 675

Origin Chamber

House

Congress

119th Congress, Session 1

Policy Area

Health

Status

Introduced

Latest Action

2025-01-23: Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.

Last Updated

2026-04-08T17:31:24Z

AI-Generated Summary

Purpose

The Domestic SUPPLY Act of 2025 aims to strengthen the United States' preparedness for public health emergencies by promoting domestic production and procurement of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as masks and gloves used to prevent infectious disease transmission. It establishes partnerships with U.S.-based manufacturers and restricts the use of federal funds for foreign-made PPE to ensure a reliable domestic supply chain.

Key Provisions

• National Defense and Health Security Domestic Manufacturing Partnership Program (Section 2):
• The Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS), working with the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR) and the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and coordinating with the Secretaries of Defense and Homeland Security, must create a program to partner with eligible domestic manufacturers.
• Within one year of enactment, HHS must finalize a process for contractual purchasing agreements that guarantee supplies and manufacturing capacity for qualified PPE during public health emergencies (defined as those declared under section 319 of the Public Health Service Act).
• Eligible manufacturers must be headquartered in the continental U.S., majority-owned and operated by U.S. citizens, commit to increasing domestic production (50% by 2026, 75% by 2027, 100% by 2028) for federal supplies, verify secure supply chains, and meet CDC and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) quality standards.
• Qualified PPE must be listed by HHS, meet CDC and OSHA guidelines, be cleared for safety and effectiveness under the FDA's 510(k) process (a premarket notification for medical devices), and be priced at fair-market value.

• Domestic Procurement Requirement (Section 3):
• Starting on the date of enactment, federal, state, and local governments cannot use federal funds to buy PPE manufactured outside the U.S.
• Exceptions mirror those in the Buy American Act (e.g., for non-availability or unreasonable cost), but require detailed documentation and justification from the responsible official.

• Report on PPE Changes and Worker Safety (Section 4):
• Within one year of enactment, the HHS Secretary, consulting with the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, must submit a congressional report on federal PPE requirement changes since the COVID-19 pandemic began and their effects on the safety of doctors and other frontline medical workers during in-person patient care in 2020 and 2021.

Significant Changes to Existing Law

• Introduces a new federal program for long-term partnerships and guaranteed purchasing of domestically produced PPE, which did not previously exist in this structured form.
• Expands Buy American restrictions (under 41 U.S.C. § 8302) to specifically cover PPE for infectious disease prevention, applying the ban to state and local governments using federal funds—a broader scope than prior general procurement rules.
• Mandates phased increases in domestic manufacturing percentages and supply chain verifications for federal partners, creating enforceable standards not previously required for PPE suppliers.

Potential Impacts

• Government Agencies: HHS, CDC, ASPR, Department of Defense, and Department of Homeland Security will face new coordination and administrative duties, including contract management and list maintenance, potentially increasing budgets for domestic sourcing but reducing reliance on foreign supplies during emergencies.
• Citizens: Improves access to safe, reliable PPE for healthcare workers and the public during crises, potentially enhancing overall public health response and reducing shortages like those during COVID-19.
• International Relations: May strain trade ties with foreign PPE suppliers (e.g., from China or Europe) by prioritizing U.S. production, possibly leading to retaliatory measures or shifts in global supply chains, though exceptions could mitigate this.

Main Stakeholders Affected

• Federal Agencies: HHS, CDC, ASPR, OSHA (under Labor), Defense, and Homeland Security, which must implement the program and procurement rules.
• Domestic Manufacturers: U.S.-based PPE producers who gain opportunities for federal contracts but must meet strict eligibility and production ramps.
• State and Local Governments: Restricted in using federal funds for foreign PPE, affecting public health departments and emergency responders.
• Healthcare Workers and Citizens: Frontline medical professionals benefit from safer, more available equipment; the public gains from stronger emergency preparedness.
• Foreign Manufacturers and Suppliers: Potentially lose U.S. market access for PPE funded by federal dollars.

Notable Legal, Constitutional, or Political Implications

• Legal: Aligns with existing "Buy American" laws but adds specificity to PPE, enforceable through contract terms and fund restrictions; the required report could inform future regulations without immediate legal changes. The FDA 510(k) clearance ensures devices meet basic safety standards (a streamlined approval for moderate-risk items, not full trials).
• Constitutional: Supports Congress's powers under the Commerce Clause to regulate interstate trade and spending, promoting national security in health without apparent free speech or due process issues; exceptions prevent overly rigid rules that could violate equal protection.
• Political: Reinforces domestic manufacturing priorities, echoing post-COVID-19 supply chain vulnerabilities and bipartisan interest in economic nationalism; could spark debates on trade protectionism versus global cooperation, with potential for amendments on exception documentation to balance enforcement and flexibility.

This summary was generated by AI and may contain inaccuracies. Refer to the official source document for the authoritative text.

Sponsor

Rep. Griffith, H. Morgan [R-VA-9]

Recent Actions

• 2025-01-23: Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
• 2025-01-23: Referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned.
• 2025-01-23: Introduced in House
• 2025-01-23: Introduced in House

Bill Versions

• Domestic Security Using Production Partnerships and Lessons from Yesterday Act of 2025 — issued 2025-01-23 — PDF (6 pages)