Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act

Bill Number: H.R. 1919
Origin Chamber: House
Congress: 119th Congress, Session 1
Policy Area: Finance and Financial Sector
Status: Passed House
Latest Action: 2025-07-17: Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
Last Updated: 2026-07-10T19:28:27Z

AI-Generated Summary

Purpose This legislation amends the Federal Reserve Act to restrict the Federal Reserve's involvement with central bank digital currencies and direct services to individuals. It aims to prevent the creation or use of such currencies for monetary policy and to block the Federal Reserve from offering accounts or products directly to people.

Key Provisions

Section 2: Prohibits Federal Reserve banks from offering financial products or services directly to individuals, maintaining accounts for individuals, or issuing a central bank digital currency (defined as a digital form of money denominated in U.S. dollars, a direct liability of the Federal Reserve, and widely available to the public).
Section 3: Extends the prohibition to indirect issuance of a central bank digital currency through financial institutions or other intermediaries.
Section 4: Bars the Board of Governors from testing, studying, developing, creating, or implementing a central bank digital currency, and prevents its use for monetary policy. An exception allows open, permissionless, and private digital assets that preserve the privacy of physical currency.
Section 5: States that the Federal Reserve currently lacks authority to issue such a currency and would require explicit congressional approval under the Constitution's Article I, Section 8 powers.

Significant Changes to Existing Law The bill adds new paragraphs (18) and (19) to Section 16 and a new paragraph (11) to Section 10 of the Federal Reserve Act. These introduce explicit bans on direct or indirect issuance of central bank digital currencies and on related activities by the Board of Governors and the Federal Open Market Committee.

Potential Impacts

Government agencies: Limits the Federal Reserve's operational flexibility in digital finance and monetary tools.
Citizens: Prevents individuals from holding accounts directly with the Federal Reserve and blocks a potential digital currency that could enable broad tracking of transactions.
International relations: May affect coordination with other countries exploring central bank digital currencies, as the U.S. would be restricted from developing or deploying one.

Main Stakeholders Affected

The Federal Reserve System and its Board of Governors.
Commercial banks and other financial intermediaries.
U.S. citizens and consumers.
Congress, as the body responsible for granting future authority.

Notable Legal, Constitutional, or Political Implications The legislation reinforces Congress's constitutional role in regulating currency under Article I, Section 8, by clarifying that the Federal Reserve cannot issue a central bank digital currency without new legislative action. It distinguishes between government-issued digital money and private digital assets, potentially influencing debates over financial privacy and government oversight of payment systems.

This summary was generated by AI and may contain inaccuracies. Refer to the official source document for the authoritative text.

Sponsor

Rep. Emmer, Tom [R-MN-6]

Cosponsors (135)

Rep. Hill, J. French [R-AR-2], Rep. Moolenaar, John R. [R-MI-2], Rep. Hudson, Richard [R-NC-9], Rep. Ogles, Andrew [R-TN-5], Rep. Bost, Mike [R-IL-12], Rep. Franklin, Scott [R-FL-18], Rep. Greene, Marjorie Taylor [R-GA-14], Rep. Biggs, Andy [R-AZ-5], Rep. Cloud, Michael [R-TX-27], Rep. Flood, Mike [R-NE-1], Rep. Gosar, Paul A. [R-AZ-9], Rep. Kim, Young [R-CA-40], Rep. Meuser, Daniel [R-PA-9], Rep. Davidson, Warren [R-OH-8], Rep. Kiley, Kevin [R-CA-3], Rep. Donalds, Byron [R-FL-19], Rep. Fitzgerald, Scott [R-WI-5], Rep. Luna, Anna Paulina [R-FL-13], Rep. Garbarino, Andrew R. [R-NY-2], Rep. Lucas, Frank D. [R-OK-3], Rep. Sessions, Pete [R-TX-17], Rep. Huizenga, Bill [R-MI-4], Rep. Wagner, Ann [R-MO-2], Rep. Barr, Andy [R-KY-6], Rep. Williams, Roger [R-TX-25], Rep. Loudermilk, Barry [R-GA-11], Rep. Rose, John W. [R-TN-6], Rep. Steil, Bryan [R-WI-1], Rep. Timmons, William R. [R-SC-4], Rep. Norman, Ralph [R-SC-5], Rep. Lawler, Michael [R-NY-17], Rep. De La Cruz, Monica [R-TX-15], Rep. Nunn, Zachary [R-IA-3], Rep. Salazar, Maria Elvira [R-FL-27], Rep. Haridopolos, Mike [R-FL-8], Rep. Downing, Troy [R-MT-2], Rep. Moore, Tim [R-NC-14], Rep. Bacon, Don [R-NE-2], Rep. Brecheen, Josh [R-OK-2], Rep. Kelly, Mike [R-PA-16], Rep. Grothman, Glenn [R-WI-6], Rep. Mace, Nancy [R-SC-1], Rep. Reschenthaler, Guy [R-PA-14], Rep. Rogers, Mike D. [R-AL-3], Rep. Rouzer, David [R-NC-7], Rep. Valadao, David G. [R-CA-22], Rep. Van Drew, Jefferson [R-NJ-2], Rep. Weber, Randy K. Sr. [R-TX-14], Rep. Houchin, Erin [R-IN-9], Rep. Hageman, Harriet M. [R-WY-At Large] and 85 more

Recent Actions

2025-07-17: Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
2025-07-17: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 219 - 210 (Roll no. 201). (text of amendment in the nature of a substitute: CR H3427-3428) (Roll call 201)
2025-07-17: Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 219 - 210 (Roll no. 201). (Roll call 201)
2025-07-17: Considered as unfinished business. (consideration: CR H3450)
2025-07-17: POSTPONED PROCEEDINGS - At the conclusion of debate on H.R. 1919, the Chair put the question on passage of the bill and by voice vote, announced that the ayes had prevailed. Ms. Waters demanded the yeas and nays and the Chair postponed further proceedings until a time to be announced.
2025-07-17: The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
2025-07-17: DEBATE - The House proceeded with one hour of debate on H.R. 1919.
2025-07-17: Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 4016, H.R. 3633, H.R. 1919 and S. 1582. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 4016 and H.R. 3633 under a structured rule, and H.R. 1919 and S. 1582 under a closed rule, with one hour of general debate on each bill. The resolution provides for a motion to recommit on H.R. 4016, H.R. 3633, and H.R. 1919, and a motion to commit on S. 1582.
2025-07-17: Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 580. (consideration: CR H3427-3434)
2025-07-15: Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 580 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 4016, H.R. 3633, H.R. 1919 and S. 1582. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 4016 and H.R. 3633 under a structured rule, and H.R. 1919 and S. 1582 under a closed rule, with one hour of general debate on each bill. The resolution provides for a motion to recommit on H.R. 4016, H.R. 3633, and H.R. 1919, and a motion to commit on S. 1582.
2025-05-06: Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 66.
2025-05-06: Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Financial Services. H. Rept. 119-92.
2025-05-06: Reported (Amended) by the Committee on Financial Services. H. Rept. 119-92.
2025-04-02: Ordered to be Reported (Amended) by the Yeas and Nays: 27 - 22.
2025-04-02: Committee Consideration and Mark-up Session Held

Bill Versions

Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act — issued 2025-07-17 — PDF (6 pages)
Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act — issued 2025-03-06 — PDF (5 pages)
Anti-CBDC Surveillance State Act — issued 2025-05-06 — PDF (10 pages)